How is alternating current (AC) characterized?

Alternating current (AC) is characterized by a rapid and interrupted flow that reverses direction periodically. This means that, unlike direct current (DC), which flows in one steady direction, AC changes its direction at regular intervals. This reversal allows AC to be transmitted efficiently over long distances and is the type of electricity typically used in homes and businesses. The ability to increase or decrease voltage in AC systems also makes it versatile for various applications, allowing it to power everything from household appliances to industrial equipment.

The flow of current in AC varies in amplitude and direction, which is an essential aspect of how it is generated and utilized. This is in contrast to a steady unidirectional flow or a slow, stable current, both of which pertain to direct current. High-voltage electricity may be a part of certain AC systems but does not define its fundamental nature. Understanding these characteristics is crucial for anyone studying esthetics, as it relates to the use of electrical equipment in beauty treatments.